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pentominoes.cpp

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00001 /* -*- mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
00002 /*
00003  *  Main authors:
00004  *     Mikael Lagerkvist <lagerkvist@gecode.org>
00005  *
00006  *  Contributing authors:
00007  *     Guido Tack <tack@gecode.org>
00008  *
00009  *  Copyright:
00010  *     Mikael Lagerkvist, 2006
00011  *     Guido Tack, 2006
00012  *
00013  *  This file is part of Gecode, the generic constraint
00014  *  development environment:
00015  *     http://www.gecode.org
00016  *
00017  *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
00018  *  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
00019  *  "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
00020  *  without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
00021  *  distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
00022  *  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
00023  *  the following conditions:
00024  *
00025  *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
00026  *  included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
00027  *
00028  *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
00029  *  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
00030  *  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
00031  *  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
00032  *  LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
00033  *  OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
00034  *  WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
00035  *
00036  */
00037 
00038 #include <gecode/driver.hh>
00039 #include <gecode/int.hh>
00040 #include <gecode/minimodel.hh>
00041 
00042 using namespace Gecode;
00043 
00052 class TileSpec {
00053 public:
00054   int width;  
00055   int height; 
00056   int amount; 
00057   const char *tile; 
00058 };
00059 
00068 extern const TileSpec *examples[];
00073 extern const int examples_size[];
00078 extern const unsigned int n_examples;
00079 
00080 namespace {
00093   int pos(int h, int w, int h1, int w1);
00095   typedef void (*tsymmfunc)(const char*, int, int, char*, int&, int&);
00097   typedef void (*bsymmfunc)(const IntVarArgs, int, int, IntVarArgs&, int&, int&);
00099   template<class CArray, class Array>
00100   void id(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int&h2);
00102   template<class CArray, class Array>
00103   void rot90(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00105   template<class CArray, class Array>
00106   void rot180(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00108   template<class CArray, class Array>
00109   void rot270(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00111   template<class CArray, class Array>
00112   void flipx(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00114   template<class CArray, class Array>
00115   void flipy(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00117   template<class CArray, class Array>
00118   void flipd1(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00120   template<class CArray, class Array>
00121   void flipd2(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2);
00123 }
00124 
00261 class Pentominoes : public Script {
00262 public:
00264   enum {
00265     PROPAGATION_INT,       
00266     PROPAGATION_BOOLEAN,   
00267   };
00269   enum {
00270     SYMMETRY_NONE, 
00271     SYMMETRY_FULL, 
00272   };
00273 private:
00275   const TileSpec *spec;
00277   int width, height;
00279   bool filled;
00281   int nspecs;
00283   int ntiles;
00284 
00286   IntVarArray board;
00287 
00289   int compute_number_of_tiles(const TileSpec* ts, int nspecs) const {
00290     int res = 0;
00291     for (int i=0; i<nspecs; i++)
00292       res += ts[i].amount;
00293     return res;
00294   }
00295 
00298   REG tile_reg(int twidth, int theight, const char* tile,
00299                REG mark, REG other, REG eol) const {
00300     REG oe = other | eol;
00301     REG res = *oe;
00302     REG color[] = {other, mark};
00303     for (int h = 0; h < theight; ++h) {
00304       for (int w = 0; w < twidth; ++w) {
00305         int which = tile[h*twidth + w] == 'X';
00306         res += color[which];
00307       }
00308       if (h < theight-1) {
00309         res += oe(width-twidth, width-twidth);
00310       }
00311     }
00312     res += *oe + oe;
00313     return res;
00314   }
00315 
00318   REG get_constraint(int t, REG mark, REG other, REG eol) {
00319     // This should be done for all rotations
00320     REG res;
00321     char *t2 = new char[width*height];
00322     int w2, h2;
00323     tsymmfunc syms[] = {id, flipx, flipy, flipd1, flipd2, rot90, rot180, rot270};
00324     int symscnt = sizeof(syms)/sizeof(tsymmfunc);
00325     for (int i = 0; i < symscnt; ++i) {
00326       syms[i](spec[t].tile, spec[t].width, spec[t].height, t2, w2, h2);
00327       res = res | tile_reg(w2, h2, t2, mark, other, eol);
00328     }
00329     delete [] t2;
00330 
00331     return res;
00332   }
00333 
00334 
00335 public:
00337   Pentominoes(const SizeOptions& opt)
00338     : Script(opt), spec(examples[opt.size()]),
00339       width(spec[0].width+1), // Add one for extra row at end.
00340       height(spec[0].height),
00341       filled(spec[0].amount),
00342       nspecs(examples_size[opt.size()]-1),
00343       ntiles(compute_number_of_tiles(spec+1, nspecs)),
00344       board(*this, width*height, filled,ntiles+1) {
00345     spec += 1; // No need for the specification-part any longer
00346 
00347     // Set end-of-line markers
00348     for (int h = 0; h < height; ++h) {
00349       for (int w = 0; w < width-1; ++w)
00350         rel(*this, board[h*width + w], IRT_NQ, ntiles+1);
00351       rel(*this, board[h*width + width - 1], IRT_EQ, ntiles+1);
00352     }
00353 
00354     // Post constraints
00355     if (opt.propagation() == PROPAGATION_INT) {
00356       int tile = 0;
00357       for (int i = 0; i < nspecs; ++i) {
00358         for (int j = 0; j < spec[i].amount; ++j) {
00359           // Color
00360           int col = tile+1;
00361           // Expression for color col
00362           REG mark(col);
00363           // Build expression for complement to color col
00364           REG other;
00365           bool first = true;
00366           for (int j = filled; j <= ntiles; ++j) {
00367             if (j == col) continue;
00368             if (first) {
00369               other = REG(j);
00370               first = false;
00371             } else {
00372               other |= REG(j);
00373             }
00374           }
00375           // End of line marker
00376           REG eol(ntiles+1);
00377           extensional(*this, board, get_constraint(i, mark, other, eol));
00378           ++tile;
00379         }
00380       }
00381     } else { // opt.propagation() == PROPAGATION_BOOLEAN
00382       int ncolors = ntiles + 2;
00383       // Boolean variables for channeling
00384       BoolVarArgs p(*this,ncolors * board.size(),0,1);
00385 
00386       // Post channel constraints
00387       for (int i=board.size(); i--; ) {
00388         BoolVarArgs c(ncolors);
00389         for (int j=ncolors; j--; )
00390           c[j]=p[i*ncolors+j];
00391         channel(*this, c, board[i]);
00392       }
00393 
00394       // For placing tile i, we construct the expression over
00395       // 0/1-variables and apply it to the projection of
00396       // the board on the color for the tile.
00397       REG other(0), mark(1);
00398       int tile = 0;
00399       for (int i = 0; i < nspecs; ++i) {
00400         for (int j = 0; j < spec[i].amount; ++j) {
00401           int col = tile+1;
00402           // Projection for color col
00403           BoolVarArgs c(board.size());
00404 
00405           for (int k = board.size(); k--; ) {
00406             c[k] = p[k*ncolors+col];
00407           }
00408 
00409           extensional(*this, c, get_constraint(i, mark, other, other));
00410           ++tile;
00411         }
00412       }
00413     }
00414 
00415     if (opt.symmetry() == SYMMETRY_FULL) {
00416       // Remove symmetrical boards
00417       IntVarArgs orig(board.size()-height), symm(board.size()-height);
00418       int pos = 0;
00419       for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); ++i) {
00420         if ((i+1)%width==0) continue;
00421         orig[pos++] = board[i];
00422       }
00423 
00424       int w2, h2;
00425       bsymmfunc syms[] = {flipx, flipy, flipd1, flipd2, rot90, rot180, rot270};
00426       int symscnt = sizeof(syms)/sizeof(bsymmfunc);
00427       for (int i = 0; i < symscnt; ++i) {
00428         syms[i](orig, width-1, height, symm, w2, h2);
00429         if (width-1 == w2 && height == h2)
00430           rel(*this, orig, IRT_LQ, symm);
00431       }
00432     }
00433 
00434     // Install branching
00435     branch(*this, board, INT_VAR_NONE(), INT_VAL_MIN());
00436   }
00437 
00439   Pentominoes(Pentominoes& s) :
00440     Script(s), spec(s.spec), width(s.width), height(s.height),
00441     filled(s.filled), nspecs(s.nspecs) {
00442     board.update(*this, s.board);
00443   }
00444 
00446   virtual Space*
00447   copy(void) {
00448     return new Pentominoes(*this);
00449   }
00450 
00452   virtual void
00453   print(std::ostream& os) const {
00454     for (int h = 0; h < height; ++h) {
00455       os << "\t";
00456       for (int w = 0; w < width-1; ++w) {
00457         int val =  board[h*width + w].val();
00458         char c = val < 10 ? '0'+val : 'A' + (val-10);
00459         os << c;
00460       }
00461       os << std::endl;
00462     }
00463     os << std::endl;
00464   }
00465 };
00466 
00467 
00471 int
00472 main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
00473   SizeOptions opt("Pentominoes");
00474   opt.size(1);
00475   opt.symmetry(Pentominoes::SYMMETRY_FULL);
00476   opt.symmetry(Pentominoes::SYMMETRY_NONE,
00477             "none", "do not remove symmetric solutions");
00478   opt.symmetry(Pentominoes::SYMMETRY_FULL,
00479             "full", "remove symmetric solutions");
00480 
00481   opt.propagation(Pentominoes::PROPAGATION_BOOLEAN);
00482   opt.propagation(Pentominoes::PROPAGATION_INT,
00483                   "int", "use integer propagators");
00484   opt.propagation(Pentominoes::PROPAGATION_BOOLEAN,
00485                   "bool", "use Boolean propagators");
00486 
00487   opt.parse(argc,argv);
00488   if (opt.size() >= n_examples) {
00489     std::cerr << "Error: size must be between 0 and "
00490               << n_examples-1 << std::endl;
00491     return 1;
00492   }
00493   Script::run<Pentominoes,DFS,SizeOptions>(opt);
00494   return 0;
00495 }
00496 
00497 
00503 
00504 static const TileSpec puzzle0[] =
00505   {
00506     // Width and height of board
00507     {4, 4, true, ""},
00508     {2, 3, 1,
00509      "XX"
00510      "X "
00511      "X "},
00512     {2, 1, 1,
00513      "XX"},
00514     {3, 3, 1,
00515      " XX"
00516      "  X"
00517      "XXX"},
00518     {1, 1, 1,
00519      "X"},
00520     {3, 1, 1,
00521      "XXX"}
00522   };
00524 static const TileSpec puzzle1[] =
00525   {
00526     // Width and height of board
00527     {8, 8, true, ""},
00528     {3, 3, 1,
00529      "XXX"
00530      "XXX"
00531      "XX "},
00532     {5, 3, 1,
00533      "  XXX"
00534      "  X  "
00535      "XXX  "},
00536     {3, 4, 1,
00537      "XXX"
00538      "XXX"
00539      "  X"
00540      "  X"},
00541     {3, 4, 1,
00542      "XXX"
00543      "  X"
00544      "  X"
00545      "  X"},
00546     {2, 5, 1,
00547      " X"
00548      " X"
00549      " X"
00550      "XX"
00551      "XX"},
00552     {4, 2, 1,
00553      "XX  "
00554      "XXXX"},
00555     {3, 3, 1,
00556      "XXX"
00557      "  X"
00558      "  X"},
00559     {2, 3, 1,
00560      "XX"
00561      "X "
00562      "X "},
00563     {2, 4, 1,
00564      "XX"
00565      "XX"
00566      "XX"
00567      "XX"},
00568     {3, 2, 1,
00569      "XX "
00570      "XXX"}
00571   };
00572 
00573 // Perfect square number 2 from examples/perfect-square.cc
00574 static const TileSpec square2[] =
00575   {
00576     // Width and height of board
00577     {10, 10, true, ""},
00578     {6, 6, 1,
00579      "XXXXXX"
00580      "XXXXXX"
00581      "XXXXXX"
00582      "XXXXXX"
00583      "XXXXXX"
00584      "XXXXXX"
00585     },
00586     {4, 4, 3,
00587      "XXXX"
00588      "XXXX"
00589      "XXXX"
00590      "XXXX"},
00591     {2, 2, 4,
00592      "XX"
00593      "XX"}
00594   };
00595 
00596 // Perfect square number 3 from examples/perfect-square.cc
00597 static const TileSpec square3[] =
00598   {
00599     // Width and height of board
00600     {20, 20, true, ""},
00601     {9, 9, 1,
00602      "XXXXXXXXX"
00603      "XXXXXXXXX"
00604      "XXXXXXXXX"
00605      "XXXXXXXXX"
00606      "XXXXXXXXX"
00607      "XXXXXXXXX"
00608      "XXXXXXXXX"
00609      "XXXXXXXXX"
00610      "XXXXXXXXX"
00611     },
00612     {8, 8, 2,
00613      "XXXXXXXX"
00614      "XXXXXXXX"
00615      "XXXXXXXX"
00616      "XXXXXXXX"
00617      "XXXXXXXX"
00618      "XXXXXXXX"
00619      "XXXXXXXX"
00620      "XXXXXXXX"
00621     },
00622     {7, 7, 1,
00623      "XXXXXXX"
00624      "XXXXXXX"
00625      "XXXXXXX"
00626      "XXXXXXX"
00627      "XXXXXXX"
00628      "XXXXXXX"
00629      "XXXXXXX"
00630     },
00631     {5, 5, 1,
00632      "XXXXX"
00633      "XXXXX"
00634      "XXXXX"
00635      "XXXXX"
00636      "XXXXX"
00637     },
00638     {4, 4, 5,
00639      "XXXX"
00640      "XXXX"
00641      "XXXX"
00642      "XXXX"},
00643     {3, 3, 3,
00644      "XXX"
00645      "XXX"
00646      "XXX"},
00647     {2, 2, 2,
00648      "XX"
00649      "XX"},
00650     {1, 1, 2,
00651      "X"}
00652   };
00653 
00654 static const TileSpec pentomino6x10[] =
00655   {
00656     // Width and height of board
00657     {10, 6, true, ""},
00658     {2, 4, 1,
00659      "X "
00660      "X "
00661      "X "
00662      "XX"},
00663     {3,3, 1,
00664      "XX "
00665      " XX"
00666      " X "},
00667     {3,3, 1,
00668      "XXX"
00669      " X "
00670      " X "},
00671     {3,3, 1,
00672      "  X"
00673      " XX"
00674      "XX "},
00675     {2,4, 1,
00676      " X"
00677      "XX"
00678      " X"
00679      " X"},
00680     {5,1, 1,
00681      "XXXXX"},
00682     {3,3, 1,
00683      "X  "
00684      "XXX"
00685      "  X"},
00686     {4,2, 1,
00687      " XXX"
00688      "XX  "},
00689     {2,3, 1,
00690      "XX"
00691      "XX"
00692      " X"},
00693     {3,2, 1,
00694      "X X"
00695      "XXX"},
00696     {3,3, 1,
00697      " X "
00698      "XXX"
00699      " X "},
00700     {3,3, 1,
00701      "  X"
00702      "  X"
00703      "XXX"}
00704   };
00705 
00706 static const TileSpec pentomino5x12[] =
00707   {
00708     // Width and height of board
00709     {12, 5, true, ""},
00710     {2, 4, 1,
00711      "X "
00712      "X "
00713      "X "
00714      "XX"},
00715     {3,3, 1,
00716      "XX "
00717      " XX"
00718      " X "},
00719     {3,3, 1,
00720      "XXX"
00721      " X "
00722      " X "},
00723     {3,3, 1,
00724      "  X"
00725      " XX"
00726      "XX "},
00727     {2,4, 1,
00728      " X"
00729      "XX"
00730      " X"
00731      " X"},
00732     {5,1, 1,
00733      "XXXXX"},
00734     {3,3, 1,
00735      "X  "
00736      "XXX"
00737      "  X"},
00738     {4,2, 1,
00739      " XXX"
00740      "XX  "},
00741     {2,3, 1,
00742      "XX"
00743      "XX"
00744      " X"},
00745     {3,2, 1,
00746      "X X"
00747      "XXX"},
00748     {3,3, 1,
00749      " X "
00750      "XXX"
00751      " X "},
00752     {3,3, 1,
00753      "  X"
00754      "  X"
00755      "XXX"}
00756   };
00757 
00758 static const TileSpec pentomino4x15[] =
00759   {
00760     // Width and height of board
00761     {15, 4, true, ""},
00762     {2, 4, 1,
00763      "X "
00764      "X "
00765      "X "
00766      "XX"},
00767     {3,3, 1,
00768      "XX "
00769      " XX"
00770      " X "},
00771     {3,3, 1,
00772      "XXX"
00773      " X "
00774      " X "},
00775     {3,3, 1,
00776      "  X"
00777      " XX"
00778      "XX "},
00779     {2,4, 1,
00780      " X"
00781      "XX"
00782      " X"
00783      " X"},
00784     {5,1, 1,
00785      "XXXXX"},
00786     {3,3, 1,
00787      "X  "
00788      "XXX"
00789      "  X"},
00790     {4,2, 1,
00791      " XXX"
00792      "XX  "},
00793     {2,3, 1,
00794      "XX"
00795      "XX"
00796      " X"},
00797     {3,2, 1,
00798      "X X"
00799      "XXX"},
00800     {3,3, 1,
00801      " X "
00802      "XXX"
00803      " X "},
00804     {3,3, 1,
00805      "  X"
00806      "  X"
00807      "XXX"}
00808   };
00809 
00810 static const TileSpec pentomino3x20[] =
00811   {
00812     // Width and height of board
00813     {20, 3, true, ""},
00814     {2, 4, 1,
00815      "X "
00816      "X "
00817      "X "
00818      "XX"},
00819     {3,3, 1,
00820      "XX "
00821      " XX"
00822      " X "},
00823     {3,3, 1,
00824      "XXX"
00825      " X "
00826      " X "},
00827     {3,3, 1,
00828      "  X"
00829      " XX"
00830      "XX "},
00831     {2,4, 1,
00832      " X"
00833      "XX"
00834      " X"
00835      " X"},
00836     {5,1, 1,
00837      "XXXXX"},
00838     {3,3, 1,
00839      "X  "
00840      "XXX"
00841      "  X"},
00842     {4,2, 1,
00843      " XXX"
00844      "XX  "},
00845     {2,3, 1,
00846      "XX"
00847      "XX"
00848      " X"},
00849     {3,2, 1,
00850      "X X"
00851      "XXX"},
00852     {3,3, 1,
00853      " X "
00854      "XXX"
00855      " X "},
00856     {3,3, 1,
00857      "  X"
00858      "  X"
00859      "XXX"}
00860   };
00861 
00863 const TileSpec *examples[] = {puzzle0, puzzle1, square2, square3,
00864                            pentomino6x10,pentomino5x12,
00865                            pentomino4x15,pentomino3x20};
00866 const int examples_size[] = {sizeof(puzzle0)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00867                              sizeof(puzzle1)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00868                              sizeof(square2)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00869                              sizeof(square3)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00870                              sizeof(pentomino6x10)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00871                              sizeof(pentomino5x12)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00872                              sizeof(pentomino4x15)/sizeof(TileSpec),
00873                              sizeof(pentomino3x20)/sizeof(TileSpec)};
00874 
00876 const unsigned n_examples = sizeof(examples)/sizeof(TileSpec*);
00878 
00879 // Symmetry functions
00880 namespace {
00881   int pos(int h, int w, int h1, int w1) {
00882     if (!(0 <= h && h < h1) ||
00883         !(0 <= w && w < w1)) {
00884       std::cerr << "Cannot place (" << h << "," << w
00885                 << ") on board of size " << h1 << "x" << w1 << std::endl;
00886     }
00887     return h * w1 + w;
00888   }
00889   template<class CArray, class Array>
00890   void id(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int&h2) {
00891     w2 = w1; h2 = h1;
00892     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00893       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00894         t2[pos(h, w, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00895   }
00896   template<class CArray, class Array>
00897   void rot90(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00898     w2 = h1; h2 = w1;
00899     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00900       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00901         t2[pos(w, w2-h-1, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00902   }
00903   template<class CArray, class Array>
00904   void rot180(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00905     w2 = w1; h2 = h1;
00906     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00907       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00908         t2[pos(h2-h-1, w2-w-1, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00909   }
00910   template<class CArray, class Array>
00911   void rot270(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00912     w2 = h1; h2 = w1;
00913     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00914       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00915         t2[pos(h2-w-1, h, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00916   }
00917   template<class CArray, class Array>
00918   void flipx(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00919     w2 = w1; h2 = h1;
00920     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00921       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00922         t2[pos(h, w2-w-1, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00923   }
00924   template<class CArray, class Array>
00925   void flipy(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00926     w2 = w1; h2 = h1;
00927     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00928       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00929         t2[pos(h2-h-1, w, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00930   }
00931   template<class CArray, class Array>
00932   void flipd1(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00933     w2 = h1; h2 = w1;
00934     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00935       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00936         t2[pos(w, h, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00937   }
00938   template<class CArray, class Array>
00939   void flipd2(CArray t1, int w1, int h1, Array t2, int& w2, int& h2) {
00940     w2 = h1; h2 = w1;
00941     for (int h = 0; h < h1; ++h)
00942       for (int w = 0; w < w1; ++w)
00943         t2[pos(h2-w-1, w2-h-1, h2, w2)] = t1[pos(h, w, h1, w1)];
00944   }
00945 }
00946 
00947 // STATISTICS: example-any